Activities

 

Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them. 

 

• (par. 1) The Industrial Revolution is the substitution of competition for medioeval regulations which had controlled the production and distribution of wealth in Europe, this fact

led to growth of two systems of thought:

 

1) Economic science                      2) Socialism 

 

a)Adam Smith

b)Malthus

c)Ricardo

d) John Stuart   Mill

 

 

 • (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution. 

1) greater rapidity which   marks grown of population

2) agrarian revolution and   revolution in manufacturing activities

 

 

• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.

causes:     1)  destruction of the common-field system of cultivation

     2)  the enclosure on large scale of common and waste lands

     3)  the consolidation of small farms into large

• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.

cause — more scientific approach:

e.g.  

Breed of cattle   improved

Rotation of crops was   generally introduced

Steam-plough was   invented

agricultural societies

• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.

causes;

1) mechanical inventions in textile industry

e.g.  

Spinning-Jenny

Water frame

Crompton’s Mule

Self-acting Mule

most important:

steam engine

Power-loom

 

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry

e.g.  

Smelting by pit coal

Application of steam   engine to blast furnaces

3) improved means of communication

e.g.  

Canal system

Turnpike road

railroad

 

results:   1) over-production and depression periods

     2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

 

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:

rise in rents caused by

1) money invested in   improvements

2) enclosure system

3) consolidated frames

4) high price of corn

social changes in country life:

• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world: the farmers shared in the prosperity of the landlords; for many of them held their farms under beneficial leases, and made large profits by them.

consequences:

 1)  farmers became a distinct class with a lot of money available

2)  change in their habits

3) class conflict.

• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

 

1) fall in wages

2) rise in prices

3) sudden fluctuation of   trade

 

Conclusion: Industrial revolution prove that wealth does not mean well-being if legislation is not adequate and wealth well-distributed.