CORRECTED_DRI

Good morning everyone, my name is Lucia Dri, I’m 18 years old and today I would like to discuss the employment status in Campania in the last decade. Together with my classmates Nardella Samantha, Paolini Carlotta and Pinat Margherita, I have analyzed four specific fields: cultural offers, technology, migration and healthcare. Considering the four categories, we made a comparative analysis between employment in Campania and the average in Italy in order to find out what branch needs an improvement and what field is well underway.

Our research showed that the region has suffered a dramatic decrease in healthcare, in particular during the pandemic, while the cultural offers field is having a period of renaissance thanks to the economic policies, which also aimed to improve technology and migrant labour. Moreover, Campania has to face the phenomena of “brain drain”, a migration of qualified personnel, that caused a lack of staff in different areas.

First of all, I would like to introduce the region. Campania is a region in southern Italy, with a population of about 5 700 000 inhabitants located in the provinces of: Avellino, Benevento, Caserta, Napoli e Salerno. Naples is the capital and an important centre for its strategic position.

As far as cultural offers are concerned, as said before, Campania has been living a period of increase since 2017, especially in publishing. Indeed, the government has issued a series of decrees aimed at the promotion and the support of regional book publishing and local information. However, data show that the regional level hasn’t reached the national average yet. Instead, museums field is growing quickly. Campania is the 10^th region in Italy and the 3^rd in southern Italy for Cultural and creative industry. One of the most relevant benefits in this field is tourism. However, the region must work hard on preservation and conservation of museums, archeological parks and galleries. In order to do that, the government should improve the financial resources in this field.

Moving to technology, I can state that Campania is not one of the less developed regions in Italy. Indeed, the percentage of graduate inhabitants is similar to the national average one. Yet, there is a visible difference from other regions as far as innovative companies are concerned. The lack of companies influences the employment rate in technology field. To tell the truth, the compared analysis with other regions shows that there is a slight difference, but the reasons are evident: the lack of financial support by the region, in order to cover enterprises’ expenditure, and the emigration of applicants with the required qualifications, who prefer move to abroad in view to a better job position.

Considering migratory flows, in particular immigration, Campania has had an increase in the last years. Unfortunately, the presence of different ethnic groups has caused discrimination problems, which influenced social, economic and relational fields. In order to solve them, Campania’s government pursues a specific migration policy, that consist of a program agreement signed by The Directorate General for Immigration and Integration Policies in 2014. Taking into consideration employment level nowadays, you can note that the policy is paying off. Indeed, compared to Campania’s citizens, the percentage of foreigners’ employment rate is higher. Whereas, compared to the national average, the inactivity rate is lower and the unemployment rate is higher. However, the latter is always better than Campania’s citizens, because immigrants accept also to work in precarious conditions in exchange for a salary; most of them work in domestic assistance or as workmen and agricultural workers.

But what I would like to focus the attention on, is the healthcare field, because the lack of healthcare personnel is a huge problem. Indeed, from 2010 to 2018 the area has suffered a relevant decrease in all Italy, but more evident in Campania. The negative variation and the disposition of the human resources of the National Health Service is influenced by: the application of recent reduction policies, the economic and financial deficit and the limitation of recruitment, as consequence of the block of turnover in the regions. The total number of employees represents the 6.8% of the human resources of the National Health Service and considering that Campania is one of the biggest regions in Italy, the personnel is not enough. Also, hospital beds are not enough, considering the regional population. For these reasons, the region should focus the attention on healthcare, investing more money in healthcare structures and residential centres, in order to raise the number of employees and improve the field.

Concluding, I would like to highlight the big problem of Campania’s employment represented by the economic deficit due to the lack of financial supports in different fields. The region should provide more services in the cultural offers’ field, which seems to attract lots of visitors and foreign tourists in order to raise money and invest them in healthcare structures and technology companies, in order to generate a continuous cycle of investment-gain. All these improvements would also reduce the migration of qualified personnel and raise the employment rate in Campania.

In spite of everything, I appreciate that the region is trying to exit the crisis by the issue of a series of laws, that will see the results in a few years.

Thank you all for the attention and have a good day.